The Open Source Definition

Most of the people think open source means access to the source code but it not like that.The distribution terms of open-source software must comply with the following criteria:
1. Free Redistribution

The license shall not restrict any party from selling or giving away the software as a component of an aggregate software distribution containing programs from several different sources. The license shall not require a royalty or other fee for such sale.
2. Source Code

The program must include source code, and must allow distribution in source code as well as compiled form. Where some form of a product is not distributed with source code, there must be a well-publicized means of obtaining the source code for no more than a reasonable reproduction cost preferably, downloading via the Internet without charge. The source code must be the preferred form in which a programmer would modify the program. Deliberately obfuscated source code is not allowed. Intermediate forms such as the output of a preprocessor or translator are not allowed.
3. Derived Works

The license must allow modifications and derived works, and must allow them to be distributed under the same terms as the license of the original software.
4. Integrity of The Author's Source Code

The license may restrict source-code from being distributed in modified form only if the license allows the distribution of "patch files" with the source code for the purpose of modifying the program at build time. The license must explicitly permit distribution of software built from modified source code. The license may require derived works to carry a different name or version number from the original software.
5. No Discrimination Against Persons or Groups

The license must not discriminate against any person or group of persons.
6. No Discrimination Against Fields of Endeavor

The license must not restrict anyone from making use of the program in a specific field of endeavor. For example, it may not restrict the program from being used in a business, or from being used for genetic research.
7. Distribution of License

The rights attached to the program must apply to all to whom the program is redistributed without the need for execution of an additional license by those parties.
8. License Must Not Be Specific to a Product

The rights attached to the program must not depend on the program's being part of a particular software distribution. If the program is extracted from that distribution and used or distributed within the terms of the program's license, all parties to whom the program is redistributed should have the same rights as those that are granted in conjunction with the original software distribution.
9. License Must Not Restrict Other Software

The license must not place restrictions on other software that is distributed along with the licensed software. For example, the license must not insist that all other programs distributed on the same medium must be open-source software.
10. License Must Be Technology-Neutral

No provision of the license may be predicated on any individual technology or style of interface.

Open Standards Requirement for Software

The Requirement

An "open standard" must not prohibit conforming implementations in open source software.
The Criteria

To comply with the Open Standards Requirement, an "open standard" must satisfy the following criteria. If an "open standard" does not meet these criteria, it will be discriminating against open source developers.

1. No Intentional Secrets: The standard MUST NOT withhold any detail necessary for interoperable implementation. As flaws are inevitable, the standard MUST define a process for fixing flaws identified during implementation and interoperability testing and to incorporate said changes into a revised version or superseding version of the standard to be released under terms that do not violate the OSR.
2. Availability: The standard MUST be freely and publicly available (e.g., from a stable web site) under royalty-free terms at reasonable and non-discriminatory cost.
3. Patents: All patents essential to implementation of the standard MUST:
* be licensed under royalty-free terms for unrestricted use, or
* be covered by a promise of non-assertion when practiced by open source software
4. No Agreements: There MUST NOT be any requirement for execution of a license agreement, NDA, grant, click-through, or any other form of paperwork to deploy conforming implementations of the standard.
5. No OSR-Incompatible Dependencies: Implementation of the standard MUST NOT require any other technology that fails to meet the criteria of this Requirement.

Open Source Lincenses by Category

Open Source Licenses by Category
* Open Group Test Suite License
* Reciprocal Public License
.::License that are popular and widely used or with strong communities ::.

* Apache License, 2.0
* New and Simplified BSD licenses
* GNU General Public License (GPL)
* GNU Library or "Lesser" General Public License (LGPL)
* MIT license
* Mozilla Public License 1.1 (MPL)
* Common Development and Distribution License
* Common Public License 1.0
* Eclipse Public License

.:: Special purpose licenses ::.

* Educational Community License
* IPA Font License
* NASA Open Source Agreement 1.3

.:: Other/Miscellaneous licenses ::.

* Adaptive Public License
* Artistic license 2.0
* Open Software License
* Qt Public License (QPL)
* zlib/libpng license

.:: Licenses that are redundant with more popular licenses ::.

* Academic Free License
* Attribution Assurance Licenses
* Eiffel Forum License V2.0
* Fair License
* Historical Permission Notice and Disclaimer
* Lucent Public License Version 1.02
* University of Illinois/NCSA Open Source License
* X.Net License

.:: Non-reusable licenses ::.

* Apple Public Source License
* Computer Associates Trusted Open Source License 1.1
* CUA Office Public License Version 1.0
* EU DataGrid Software License
* Entessa Public License
* Frameworx License
* IBM Public License
* Motosoto License
* Multics License
* Naumen Public License
* Nethack General Public License
* Nokia Open Source License
* OCLC Research Public License 2.0
* PHP License
* Python license (CNRI Python License)
* Python Software Foundation License
* RealNetworks Public Source License V1.0
* Ricoh Source Code Public License
* Sleepycat License
* Sun Public License
* Sybase Open Watcom Public License 1.0
* Vovida Software License v. 1.0
* W3C License
* wxWindows Library License
* Zope Public License

.:: Superseded licenses ::.

* Apache Software License 1.1
* Artistic license 1.0
* Eiffel Forum License V1.0
* Lucent Public License (Plan9)
* Mozilla Public License 1.0 (MPL)

.:: Licenses that have been voluntarily retired ::.

* Intel Open Source License
* Jabber Open Source License
* MITRE Collaborative Virtual Workspace License (CVW License)
* Sun Industry Standards Source License (SISSL)

.:: Uncategorized Licenses ::.

* Affero GNU Public License
* Boost Software License (BSL1.0)
* Common Public Attribution License 1.0 (CPAL)
* European Union Public License (link to every language's version on their site)
* GNU General Public License version 3.0 (GPLv3)
* GNU Library or "Lesser" General Public License version 3.0 (LGPLv3)
* ISC License
* Microsoft Public License (Ms-PL)
* Microsoft Reciprocal License (Ms-RL)
* MirOS Licence
* Non-Profit Open Software License 3.0
* NTP License
* Reciprocal Public License 1.5 (RPL1.5)
* Simple Public License 2.0

Open Source Licenses

The following licenses have been approved by the OSI via the License Review Process.

* Academic Free License 3.0 (AFL 3.0)
* Affero GNU Public License
* Adaptive Public License
* Apache License, 2.0
* Apple Public Source License
* Artistic license 2.0
* Attribution Assurance Licenses
* New and Simplified BSD licenses
* Boost Software License (BSL1.0)
* Computer Associates Trusted Open Source License 1.1
* Common Development and Distribution License
* Common Public Attribution License 1.0 (CPAL)
* Common Public License 1.0
* CUA Office Public License Version 1.0
* EU DataGrid Software License
* Eclipse Public License
* Educational Community License, Version 2.0
* Eiffel Forum License V2.0
* Entessa Public License
* European Union Public License (link to every language's version on their site)
* Fair License
* Frameworx License
* GNU General Public License (GPL)
* GNU General Public License version 3.0 (GPLv3)
* GNU Library or "Lesser" General Public License (LGPL)
* GNU Library or "Lesser" General Public License version 3.0 (LGPLv3)
* Historical Permission Notice and Disclaimer
* IBM Public License
* IPA Font License
* ISC License
* Lucent Public License Version 1.02
* MirOS Licence
* Microsoft Public License (Ms-PL)
* Microsoft Reciprocal License (Ms-RL)
* MIT license
* Motosoto License
* Mozilla Public License 1.1 (MPL)
* Multics License
* NASA Open Source Agreement 1.3
* NTP License
* Naumen Public License
* Nethack General Public License
* Nokia Open Source License
* Non-Profit Open Software License 3.0 (Non-Profit OSL 3.0)
* OCLC Research Public License 2.0
* Open Font License 1.1 (OFL 1.1)
* Open Group Test Suite License
* Open Software License 3.0 (OSL 3.0)
* PHP License
* Python license (CNRI Python License)
* Python Software Foundation License
* Qt Public License (QPL)
* RealNetworks Public Source License V1.0
* Reciprocal Public License 1.5 (RPL1.5)
* Ricoh Source Code Public License
* Simple Public License 2.0
* Sleepycat License
* Sun Public License
* Sybase Open Watcom Public License 1.0
* University of Illinois/NCSA Open Source License
* Vovida Software License v. 1.0
* W3C License
* wxWindows Library License
* X.Net License
* Zope Public License
* zlib/libpng license

first seminar

hello guyz we conducted our first seminar for 2 class in our college and among 100 students around 70 ppl joined our club :) .we will be conducting many more seminars, lab sessions and many other events..

Boot your Computer from a Bootable CD or DVD

Booting from a CD is sometimes necessary to run advanced tools like memory testing programs and password recovery tools.

You'll also need to boot to a CD or DVD if you're planning to install an operating system like Windows XP or run diagnostic tools like the Windows XP Recovery Console.

When you boot from a CD, what you're actually doing is running your computer with a small operating system that's installed on the CD. When you start your computer normally, you're running with the operating system installed on your hard drive - Windows, Linux, etc.


Follow these easy steps to boot from a CD or DVD.
Difficulty: Easy
Time Required: Booting from a CD or DVD usually takes less than 10 to 20 minutes.
Here's How:

1.

Change the BIOS boot order so the CD or DVD drive is listed first. Some computers are already configured this way but many are not.

If the CD or DVD drive is not first in the boot order, your PC will start "normally" (i.e. boot from your hard drive) without even looking at what might be in your disc drive.

Note: After setting your optical drive as the first boot device in BIOS, your computer will check that drive for a bootable CD or DVD each time your computer starts. Leaving your PC configured this way shouldn't cause problems unless you plan on leaving a disc in the drive all the time.
2.

Insert your bootable CD or bootable DVD in your disc drive.

How do you know if a CD or DVD is bootable? The easiest way to find out if a disc is bootable is to insert it in your drive and follow the remainder of these instructions. Most operating system setup CDs and DVDs are bootable, as are many advanced diagnostic tools like the ones I discussed above.

Note: Programs downloadable from the Internet that are intended to be bootable discs are usually made available in ISO format. See How to Burn an ISO Image File to a CD or DVD for more information.
3.

Restart your computer.
4.

Watch for a Press any key to boot from CD or DVD... message.

When booting to a Windows setup CD/DVD and many other bootable discs, you may be prompted with a message to press a key to boot to the disc. To boot to the CD or DVD, you'll need to press any key on your keyboard (like the space bar) within the few seconds that the message is on the screen.

If you do nothing, your computer will check for boot information on the next boot device in the list in BIOS (see Step 1) which will probably be your hard drive.

Some bootable CDs and DVDs do not prompt for a key press and will start immediately.
5.

Your computer should now boot from the CD or DVD disc.

Note: What happens now depends on what the bootable disc was for. If you're booting to a Windows 7 DVD, the Windows 7 setup program will begin. If you're booting to a Slackware Live CD, the version of the Slackware Linux operating system you've included on the CD will run. You get the idea.

If you tried the above steps but your computer did not boot from the CD or DVD properly, check out some of the tips below.

Tips:

1. Recheck the boot order in BIOS (Step 1). I've found that the number one reason a bootable disc won't boot is because BIOS is not configured to check the CD/DVD drive first.
2. Do you have more than one CD or DVD drive? Your computer probably only allows for one of your disc drives to be booted from. Insert the bootable CD or DVD in the other drive and restart your computer.
3. Clean the CD or DVD. If the disc is old, as are many Windows Setup CDs and DVDs by the time they're needed, clean it. A clean disc could make all the difference.
4. Burn a new CD/DVD. If the DVD or CD is one you created yourself, like from an ISO file, then burn it again. The disc may have errors on it that reburning could correct. I've had this happen to me more than once.

Get your linux Live cds

The first thing what you want before starting to learn Linux is having the Live cds and there are many versions of Linux cds and this is the website where you can get all the Linux versions in one site..the website name http://www.livecdlist.com/.All current versions of Linux are available here just by a click.So its worthy to go and visit this site.

Open up ur mind to open source

Many newbies hate open source operating system like Linux,UNIX,etc just bcoz its full of commands in order to perform certain actions or tasks and also think its tough.And many have troubles like installing,working on Linux, setting up the internet connections and other basic operations.So we just want to create awareness about Linux,open-source applications,basic computing and basic security while your on internet as well as in local.So here you guyz can learn all about open source and its various advantages and basic security and other settings.I wish all ppl open up your mind to open source.Lets encourage open source.